Business Meeting Agenda
Digital Resources
Election Results
Kalamazoo 2000—MRDS Sessions
Other Sessions of Interest
MRDS Calendar of Events
MLA 1999—MRDS Session Review
MRDS Business
Officers
Performances
President’s Note
Puzzler
Recent Publications
SITM News
Upcoming Academic Meetings & Opportunities
Session 256 (MRDS)
Patronage and Performers
Friday, 5 May, 1:30 p.m.–3:00 p.m.
Schneider Room 1135
“Lancastrian Patrons in the Reign of Henry IV: Patronage and Propaganda?”
Gloria J. Betcher, Iowa State Univ.
“The Boy Who Would Be King: Edward VI’s Entertainments”
Suzanne R. Westfall, Lafayette College
Respondent: David Bevington, Univ. of Chicago
Session 313 (MRDS)
Days of Saints and Virgins: Theatrical and Performative Activities on Patronal Saints’ Days
Friday, 5 May, 3:30 p.m.–5:00 p.m.
Schneider Room 1135
“Paradramatic Guild Activities at Beverley”
Kimberley M. Yates, Univ. of Toronto
“The Great Guild and Sponsorship of Drama on St. Anne’s Day in Lincoln: A Reconsideration”
James D. Stokes, Univ. of Wisconsin—Stevens Point
“A Saint for Fertility? The Improbable Procession on St. Edmund’s Day at Bury”
Anne Crawley, Univ. of Toronto
Session 548 (MRDS)
Corpus Christi Outside England
Sunday, 7 May, 10:30 a.m.–12:00 p.m.
Fetzer Room 1045
“Before Corpus Christi: The Case of Arras”
Carol Symes, Bennington College
“Anything But a Game: Corpus Christi in Poland”
Andrzej Dabrowka, Univ. of Warsaw
“Playing with the Inquisition: Corpus Christi in Camuñas (Toledo)”
Max Harris, Wisconsin Humanities Council
“Corpus Christi in the Andean Highlands: Colonial Accounts and Native Participation”
Susan Verdi Webster, Univ. of St. Thomas
Note from the Organizer
The papal establishment of the feast of Corpus Christi in 1311 was the impetus for an extraordinary array of theatrical traditions. Most medieval drama scholars
know the English tradition of Corpus Christi drama well, but few know as much about the wide variety of Corpus Christi traditions elsewhere. This session, the
final MRDS session at Kalamazoo 2000, will partially redress this balance, introducing its audience to the possible antecedents of Corpus Christi in Arras, c.
1220; Corpus Christi drama in Poland from the 14th to the 17th century; a Corpus Christi festival in modern Spain with roots in the Inquisition and the auto
sacramentales of the 16th and 17th centuries; and the ongoing development of Corpus Christi in the mountains of Ecuador. At least two of the talks will be
lavishly illustrated with slides.
Friday, May 5, 2000 • Schneider Room 1135 • 5:00 p.m.
All Welcome! Bring Your Friends!
Session 476
Early Drama, Art, and Music: A Retrospective in Honor of Clifford Davidson
Saturday, 6 May, 3:30 p.m.–5:00 p.m
Fetzer Room 1055
For the last several decades Clifford Davidson has been a guiding light, inspiration, mentor, and editor to numerous members of MRDS. His own contributions to interdisciplinary scholarship in early drama, art, and music are substantial; as are his editorial functions to Medieval Institute Publications, The EDAM Newsletter, Comparative Drama, and program organization for the International Congress on Medieval Studies. His retirement from the Western Michigan University classroom this year has provided an opportunity for a special session in his honor at the Thirty-Fifth International Congress on Medieval Studies. Following the session, The Medieval Institute will host a reception in Professor Davidson’s honor. The reception is sponsored by Paul Szarmach, Executive Director of The Medieval Institute, and former Executive Director Otto Grundler will express Western Michigan University’s appreciation of Davidson’s contributions to the academy.
“John Waldeby, the Augustinian Friary, and the Plays of York”
Alexandra F. Johnston, Univ. of Toronto
“Material Man? Carpentry and the Constructions of Saint Joseph in Medieval Drama”
Pamela Sheingorn, Baruch College/Graduate Center, CUNY
“Music: Interdisciplinary Concerns in Early Musicology, 1977–2000”
G. Richard Rastall, Univ. of Leeds
PLENARY LECTURE
Saturday, 6 May, 8:30 a.m
Bernhard Center East Ballroom
“Tensions, Ambiguities, and the Pressures of History: Constructing the Cultural Biography of Joseph the Carpenter”
Pamela Sheingorn, Baruch College/Graduate Center, CUNY
Session 35
Herod the Great in Medieval Drama
Thursday, 4 May, 10:00 a.m.–11:30 a.m.
Fetzer Room 2020
“Enacting Herod’s Diseased Spirit”
Carolyn Coulson-Grigsby
“Herod the Great: Representations of Authority in East Anglian Drama”
William Fitzhenry, California Polytechnic State Univ.
“‘Byrkyn many bonys’: The Breaking of Bones in Magnus Herodes”
M. Wendy Hennequin, Univ. of Connecticut
“Herod and the Innocents”
Daniel T. Kline, Univ. of Alaska—Anchorage
Session 47
Literary Representations of the Doctor
Thursday, 4 May, 10:00 a.m.–11:30 a.m.
Schneider Room 1225
“A Little Bloodletting: Chaucer’s Physician’s Tale and Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus”
Bryon Grigsby, Eastern Connecticut State Univ.
“Treating with Melancholy in Early Modern England”
Marjory E. Lange, Western Oregon Univ.
“‘Those damn’d physicians’: Medical Power and Political Affiliation on the Restoration Stage, 1670–1692”
Ruth McClelland Nugent, Dalhousie Univ.
“God is My Apothecary: Advertising Modern Medical Piety”
Sarah E. Skwire, Univ. of Chicago
Respondent: Carol Everest
Session 76
Gesture I
Thursday, 4 May, 1:30 p.m.–3:00 p.m.
Fetzer Room 1035
“‘Peter Limps’: Gesture in the Liturgical Drama”
Dunbar H. Ogden, Univ. of California—Berkeley
“Multiple Address and the Gesture of Temptation in Genesis B”
Janet Ericksen, Univ. of Minnesota—Morris
“Of Miming and Signing: The Dramatic Rhetoric of Gesture”
Jody Enders, Univ. of California—Santa Barbara
Session 132
Gesture II
Thursday, 4 May, 3:30 p.m.–5:00 p.m
Fetzer Room 1035
“Gesture in Le Jeu de Robin et Marion: The Aix Witness”
Jesse Hurlbut, Brigham Young Univ.
“Staging Paradise: Dramaturgy and the York Cycle Fullers’ Play”
Natalie Schmitt, Univ. of Illinois—Chicago
“Gestures of Greeting: Annunciations, Sacred and Secular”
Barbara D. Palmer, Mary Washington College
Session 164
Teaching and Studying the Medieval Morality Play
Friday, 5 May, 10:00 a.m.–11:30 a.m
Valley III, Stinson Lounge
“‘Let Us Inne’: Performing the Second Shepherd’s Play in the Medieval Drama Classroom”
Angela Jane Weisl, Melissa Filosa, and Robert Dakis, Seton Hall Univ.
Session 202
Shakespeare in the Tradition of the Performing Arts
Friday, 5 May, 10:00 a.m.–11:30 a.m.
Schneider Room 1155
“‘Look not big, nor stamp, nor stare’: Acting Up in The Taming of the Shrew and the Coventry Herod Plays”
Jonathan Gil Harris, Ithaca College
“Performance Practice, Theatrical Privilege, and Conceptions of Identity in Shakespeare’s Plays”
Erika Lin, Univ. of Pennsylvania
“Robert Armin and the Performance of Authorship”
Nora Johnson, Swarthmore College
Session 267
Musicology III: Music in Performance: Theory, Invention, Practice
Friday, 5 May, 1:30 p.m.–3:00 p.m.
Bernhard Room 210
“Franciscan Music Theory in the German Sacred Drama: The Legacy of English Thought and German Practice”
Peter V. Loewen, Eastern Illinois Univ.
“Imitators and Fantasy Makers: Transmission and Invention of Musical Performances drawn from Italian Literary Sources”
Cathy Ann Elias, Roosevelt Univ.
Session 449
Joan of Arc and Modes of Late Medieval Chivalry
Saturday, 6 May, 3:30 p.m.–5:00 p.m.
Valley III, Stinson Lounge
“Just War Doctrine and the Rehabilitation of Joan of Arc”
Jane Marie Pinzino, Univ. of Puget Sound
“The Ideal of Chivalry in Le Mystère du Siège d’Orléans and Le Bréviaire des Nobles”
Gertrude H. Merkle, Independent Scholar
“Le Mystère du Siège d’Orléans’ Warrior Maid: A Reconstruction”
Vicki Hamblin, Western Washington Univ.
“Performing Joan/Joan Performing in Le Mystère du Siège d’Orléans”
Robert L. A. Clark, Kansas State Univ.
Session 506
The Jew in Early Modern English Drama
Sunday, 7 May, 8:30 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
Valley I, Schilling Lounge
“Questions of Allegiance: Jewish Law in Elizabeth Cary’s The Tragedie of Mariam”
Kristine Peleg, Univ. of Arizona
“Critiquing Early Modern White Supremacy: The Function of Medieval English Anti-Semitism in Elizabeth Cary’s The Tragedie of
Mariam, the Faire Queene of Iewry”
Jesse G. Swan, Univ. of Northern Iowa
Session 525
Drama and Art
Sunday, 7 May, 8:30 a.m.–10:00 a.m
Schneider Room 1155
“Archisynagogus and the Twitching Jewish Body”
Sylvia Tomasch, Hunter College, and Peter W. Travis, Dartmouth College
“Gesture and Audience in Art and Drama: A Case Study of Duccio’s Maestà”
Beth A. Mulvaney, Meredith College
“Painting as Property, Painting as Trope in Shakespeare’s Dramas”
Marguerite Tassi, Univ. of Nebraska
Session 526
Liturgical Drama
Sunday, 7 May, 8:30 a.m.–10:00 a.m.
Schneider Room 1160
“Questioning the Role of Secular Authority in the Ludus Danielis”
Constantine Hadavas, Beloit College
“Drama and Politics: Church-State Conflict in Twelfth-Century Plays”
John Marlin, The College of St. Elizabeth
“Sound and Body: The Planctus Mariae”
Donnalee Dox, Univ. of Arizona
Session 542
Medieval Drama
Sunday, 7 May, 10:30 a.m.–12:00 p.m.
Valley I Room 107
“Situating the Holy: Celtic Community in Breton and Cornish Saints’ Plays”
Victor I. Scherb, Univ. of Texas—Tyler
“The Civic Function of the York Version of the Resurrection Play”
William Fahrenbach, DePaul Univ.
“‘It is not so written in the Gospel; but what of that?’ The Post-Descensus Visit to Mary in Spanish Drama”
Jay E. Moore, Hampton Univ.
Please note that Véronique Dominguez’s dissertation on “Le Corps dans les mystères de la Passion du XVe siècle” was directed by Michel Zink of the College de France, and her dissertation was defended at the University of Paris IV–Sorbonne.
The first winners of the David Bevington Award for Best New Book in Early Drama Studies and the Martin Stevens Award for Best New Essay in Early Drama Studies will be announced at the MRDS business meeting at Kalamazoo on Friday, May 5, at 5:00 p.m. in Schneider 1135.
For more information, visit the MRDS website: <http://toisondor.byu.edu/mrds/awards.html>
Marie-Odile Bodenheimer, “Le rôle de la mère dans les Miracles de Nostre Dame par personnages," Bien Dire et Bien Aprendre: Revue de médiévistique 6 (La Mère au Moyen Age). Centre d'Etudes médiévales et dialectales de l'Université de Lille III: 1998. 490–8.
Clifford Davidson, “Nudity, the Body, and Early English Drama,” Journal of English and Germanic Philology (1999): 500–22.
Clifford Davidson, “Cain in the Mysteries: The Iconography of Violence,” Fifteenth-Century Studies 25 (2000): 204–27.
Clifford Davidson, review of Records of Early English Drama: Dorset, Cornwall, in Sixteenth Century Journal 30 (1999): 1165–67.
James Fitzmaurice, “William Cavendish and Two Entertainments by Ben Jonson,” Ben Jonson Journal 5 (1998, appeared 1999): 63–80.
Max Harris, Aztecs, Moors, and Christians: Festivals of Reconquest in Mexico and Spain. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2000.
In this perceptive book, Max Harris seeks to understand the “puzzling and enduring passion” of both Mexicans and Spaniards for festivals of moros y cristianos. He begins by tracing the performances’ roots in medieval Spain and showing how they came to be superimposed on the mock battles that had been part of pre-contact Aztec calendar rituals. Then, using James Scott’s distinction between “public” and “hidden transcripts,” he reveals how, in the hands of folk and indigenous performers, these spectacles of conquest became prophecies of the eventual reconquest of Mexico by the defeated Aztec peoples. Finally, he documents the early arrival of native American performance practices in Europe and the shift of moros y cristianos from court to folk tradition in Spain. Even today, as lively descriptions of current festivals make plain, mock battles between Aztecs, Moors, and Christians remain a remarkably sophisticated vehicle for the communal expression of dissent.
Alan Hindley, “The Sermon and the Late Medieval French Moralities,” Le Moyen Français 42 (1998): 71–86.
Pamela M. King and Clifford Davidson, eds., The Coventry Corpus Christi Plays. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, 2000.
Jaime Lara, “Conversion by Theatre: The Drama of Colonial Latin America,” Yale Latin American Review 1:1 (1999).
A. A. MacDonald, ed. and trans., La Passion Occitane-Catalane. TLF 518. Geneva: Droz, 1999 (the so-called Passion Didot).
Charles Mazouer, “Vingt ans de recherches sur le théâtre du XVIe siècle. IIe partie: le théâtre comique, spectacles de la cour, théâtre scolaire,” Nouvelle Revue du XVIe Siècle 17 (1999): 301–315.
Thierry Revol, Représentations du sacré dans les textes dramatiques des XIe-XIIIe siècles en France. Paris: Champion, 1999.
Milla Cozart Riggio, ed. Teaching Shakespeare through Performance. New York: MLA, 1999.
Janet Ritch, “Le rôle du jubé dans la Résurrection du Jésus-Christ, pièce de Maître Eloy Du Mont,” Memini: Travaux et documents publiés par la Société des études médiévales du Québec 3 (1999): 155–170.
Victor I. Scherb, “Blasphemy and the Grotesque in the Digby Mary Magdalene,” Studies in Philology 46 (1999), 225–240.
Pierre Servet, “D’un héros à l’autre: l’homme de guerre et le saint dans la Vie de Sainct Christofle de Chevalet (Grenoble 1530),” PRISMA 15:2 (1990): 283–297.
GRAHAM A. RUNNALLS
“Medieval Actors and the Invention of Printing in Late Medieval France”MICHAEL MILWAY
“Boy Bishops in Early Modern Europe: Ritual, Myth, and Reality”AMELIA CARR and MICHAEL NORTON
“Women's Liturgical Manuscripts at Klosterneuburg”JOHN WASSON
Review of Rosalind Hayes, C. E. McGee, Sally L. Joyce, and Evelyn Newlyn, Records of Early English Drama: Dorset, CornwallVÉRONIQUE PLESCH
Review of Jody Enders, The Medieval Theater of Cruelty
Jean-Pierre Bordier, ed. Le Jeu Théâtral, ses marges, ses frontières: Actes de la deuxième Rencontre sur l'Ancien Théâtre Européen. Le Savoir de Mantice 6. Centre d’Etudes Supérieures de la Renaissance. Paris: Champion, 1999. Includes:
JELLE KOOPMANS
“Théâtre du monde et monde du théâtre”THIERRY REVOL
“Drames liturgiques latins du XIIIe siècle: vêtements liturgiques ou costumes de théâtre?”BRUNO ROY
“La liturgie et l’édition des farces: le cas de Frère Guillebert”CHARLES MAZOUER
“La prédication populaire et le théâtre au début du XVIe siècle”JEAN-PIERRE BORDIER
“Magis mouent exempla quam uerba: une définition du jeu théâtral dans la Moralité du jour saint Antoine (1427)”ÉLISABETH LALOU
“Réflexions sur cérémonie, cérémonial et jeu”GÉRARD GROS
“L'Avocate et sa vocation: Étude sur la dramatisation d'une propriété mariale dans l'Advocacie Nostre Dame”DENIS HÜE
“Griselidis et sa mise en scène”VICKI HAMBLIN
“Le Siège d'Orléans: procession, simulacre, mystère”GRAHAM A. RUNNALLS
“Le commerce des mystères imprimés: le cas du Mystère de l’Assumption”BERNARD FAIVRE
“Le dit et le joué”
Sydney Higgins and F. Paina, eds. European Medieval Drama 1998: Papers from the Third International Conference on “Aspects of European Medieval Drama,” Camerino, 3–5 July 1998. Università degli Studi di Camerino, 1999. Chapters include:
ANDRZEJ DABROWKA
“Trial Scenes in Medieval Drama”K. KRAUSE
“The Dramatization of the Heroine in the Miracles de Nostre Dame par personnages”LYNETTE MUIR
“René d’Anjou and the Theatre in Provence”GRAHAM A. RUNNALLS
“Mysteries’ End in France: Performances and Texts”
Volume 3 of the EEDT series, announced in the fall 1999 newsletter, is now available.
Medieval Dutch Drama: Four Secular Plays and Four Farces from the Van Hulthem Manuscript, translated with an introduction by Johanna C. Prins (Asheville, NC: Pegasus Press, 1999), Early European Drama in Translation Series, vol. 3 (ISBN 1-889818-07-0) 207 pages, $12.95.
For further information on this or other titles in the EEDT series, readers can check the website at http://pegasuspress.org (follow links to “Books” and “Early European Drama in Translation”).
“Masquerade Dreams”—Carnival and Popular Culture
Following its usual scheduling protocol, the MLA Convention Committee placed our MRDS session on Carnival in the first time slot on Monday, December 27, from 1:45 to 3:00 in the Sheraton Hotel, where the foreign language papers were presented throughout the conference. Such timing and placement seemed like a blueprint for failure. Nevertheless, the session drew an excellent audience of about two dozen people, many of whom were newcomers to the MRDS scene, with an interest in Carnival and similar celebrations. Capitalizing on this, we handed out MRDS advertisements and issued party invitations. Thus, this session expanded our activities in a vital new direction, that of contemporary festivals and popular cultural analogues to the large medieval urban theatrical festivals and spectacles.
The session itself began with a slide and calypso show entitled “Masquerade Dreams,” put together by Trinidadian photographer Jeffrey Chock and French cultural researcher Helene Bellour. Ms. Bellour introduced the videotape with the history of the Afro-based Carnival in Trinidad as it emerged from Emancipation celebrations of the nineteenth century.
Longtime MRDS member Martin Walsh, of Michigan University, explored the comparison between the modern Carnival and medieval festivity in his paper “Time Off for Bad Behavior: Social Satire versus Anarchic Fantasy in Carnival of Masks, Medieval and Modern.” Reading a paper on Cuban Carnival prepared by Dr. Judith Bettelheim (an art historian visiting at Emory University this year), Trinidadian scholar Dr. Pamela Franco, currently stationed in Chicago, added another dimension to the comparison.
Respondent Dr. Samuel Kinser of Northern Illinois University, noted for his study both of contemporary Carnival and of early European festivities, called for a different paradigm for Carnival analysis. As is inevitable, the session ran out of time long before we had completed introducing (never mind exploring) this fertile area of comparison. The session began an important dialogue that we hope to continue!
The session was exciting to those that attended it. We received calls for more sessions of this kind.
—Milla Riggio, session organizer
Antwerp, Belgium • 2–7 July 2000
For more information, visit the web site: <http://as.tsud.edu/fifteenthcentury/program.htm>
Drama Highlights:
Monday, 3 July, 3:45 p.m.
Theater 1: Farce and Comic Theatre
“Proverbial Farce and Farcical Proverbs: Frans Hogenberg’s Blue Cloak as Icon for the Upside-Down World of Farce”
T. Boucquey, Scripps Coll. (Claremont, CA)
“Economic (Mis-)Representation of the Peasant in 15th-Century European Comic Theater”
K. Ruth, Rutgers Univ.
“The Influence of Plautus and Terence on Early Quattrocento Latin Comedy”
G. Smith, George Mason Univ.–Fairfax
Thursday, 6 July, 2:00 p.m.
Theater 2: Text, Performance, Audience
“Time and the Mystères: How Long Did French Mystery Plays Last?”
G. Runnalls, Univ. of Edinburgh
“Groping in Darkness: The Man Born Blind and Christ’s Ministry in the York Cycle”
B. I. Gusick, Troy State Univ. Dothan (Alabama)
“‘Learned Ignorance’: Nicholas of Cusa and Early English Drama”
C. Spivack, Univ. of Massachusetts
“The Parliament of Heaven in Two 15th-Century Dramatic Accounts of the Fate of Mankind”
J. Velz, Univ. of Texas
Friday, 7 July, 2:00 p.m.
Theater 3: Farce
“Le monde de la farce parisienne”
J. Koopmans, Universiteit van Amsterdam
“Humour in Farce, Sottie and Morality”
K. Schoell, Pädagogische Hochschule Erfurt
“La farce de maître Pierre Pathelin: ‘Speaking in Tongues’ or the Hidden Face of Multilingualism”
M. Trottier, Univ. of Toronto
For more information, visit the web site: <http://www.leeds.ac.uk/imi/imc/imc.htm>
Session 113, Monday, 10 July, 11:15 a.m.
CONTINENTAL DRAMA
“A Survey of Croatian Medieval Drama and Theatre”
Zrinka Pulišelic, Univ. of Zagreb
“Fables and Folktales in Gil Vicente’s Auto de Mofina Mendes”
Manuela Maria Carvalho, Univ. of Birmingham
“Franciscan Iconography in Medieval Drama in Italy, France, Germany and England”
Anton Touber, Universiteit van Amsterdam
Session 313, Monday, 10 July, 4:30 p.m.
RELIGIOUS DRAMA
“Das deutsche religiöse Drama des Mittelalters: Die Christusgestalt in der Luzerner Tradition”
Elly Vijfvinkel, Universiteit van Amsterdam
“Rewriting the Role of a Bride of Christ: The Plays of Katherine of Sutton”
Kate Matthews, Univ. of London
“Direkte und Indirekte Bühnenanweisungen im Deutschen Religiösen Drama des Mittelalters”
J. H. Kuné, Universiteit van Amsterdam
Session 814, Tuesday, 11 July, 4:30 p.m.
DRAMATIC TIME AND TIMING IN THE ENGLISH PLAYS
“‘Ready’ and ‘Waiting’, ‘Here’ and ‘Now’:
Timing Theatrical Action in the English Medieval Theatre”
Philip Butterworth, Univ. of Leeds, Wakefield
“‘Stripes on thy arse... raps on thy pate’: Timing Cross Words and Violent Action”
John Marshall, Univ. of Bristol
“‘A Sunday next... at vi of the belle”: The Timing of Plays in England”
Peter Meredith, Univ. of Leeds
Session 913, Tuesday, 11 July, 7:30 p.m.
PERFORMING DRAMA: THE USE OF MEDIEVAL THEATRE IN THE CLASSROOM (A ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION)
The aim of the session will be to encourage an exciting exchange of ideas and methods for the implementation of performance activities in the classroom. Participants in the discussion will include Mark Cruse (New York Univ.), Kathy Krause (Univ. of Missouri), Yvonne LeBlanc (North Broward Preparatory School), Jane Oakshott (Leeds), Donald Perret (Emerson Coll.) and Evelyn Birge Vitz (New York Univ.).
Session 1019, Wednesday, 12 July, 9:00 a.m.
ETERNITY ON STAGE
“The Concept of Time and Eternity and its Representation on Stage in French and English Moralities”
Nathalie Davaut, Gardner-Webb Univ., North Carolina
“The Final Play: The York Mercers’ Doomsday Pageant and the Performance of Charity”
Margaret Pappano, Columbia Univ.
“Some Paradoxes of the Semantics of Time and Eternity in Corpus Christi Plays”
Asunción Salvador-Rabaza Ramos, Department of English, Universidad de València
Session 1119, Wednesday, 12 July, 11:15 a.m.
TEMPORALITY AND VISUAL CULTURE: THE RHETORIC OF ETERNITY IN DRAMA AND ART
“Temporal Consciousness as Dramatic Focus”
Karen Smyth, The Queen’s University, Belfast
“Playing for Time: Temporality and Performance in Medieval Drama”
Chris Humphrey, Univ. of York
“When Space is Time: Hierarchy and Narrative in Late Medieval Art”
Peter Nesteruk, Univ. of Manchester
Session 1213, Wednesday, 12 July, 2:15 p.m.
DRAMA AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT I
“Street Furniture: The Sets and Props of the Built Environment”
Rosalind C. Hays, Department of History, Dominican Univ., Illinois
“The Potential of Combining REED Research and Topographic History: The Example of Wells”
Anthony J. Scrase, Univ. of the West of England, Bristol
Respondent: David M. Palliser, Univ. of Leeds
Session 1314, Wednesday, 12 July, 4:30 p.m.
DRAMA AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT II
“The REED Patrons and Performances Road Show”
Sally-Beth MacLean, Records of Early English Drama, Toronto, Ontario, and Alan Somerset, Univ. of Western Ontario, London
“Performance Spaces in Shropshire”
David Lloyd, Univ. of Birmingham
Respondent: Miriam Gill, Univ. of London
Session 1507, Thursday, 13 July, 9:00 a.m.
DRAMA AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT III
“Open Air Playing Places: The Forgotten Evidence of Early Drama in Lincolnshire”
James Stokes, Univ. of Wisconsin, Stevens Point
“Tarrying at the Stone: Some Dramatic Uses of Stones and Boundary Markers”
Joanna Mattingly, Univ. of Exeter
Respondent: Peter Fleming, Univ. of the West of England, Bristol
Session 1613, Thursday, 13 July, 11:15 a.m.
DRAMA AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IV
“Castle as Stage: Use of Space in the 1575 Entertainments at Kenilworth”
Paulette Marty, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison
“Play Performances in Elizabethan Churchyards”
Siobhan Keenan, Univ. of Warwick, Coventry
Respondent: David Mills, Univ. of Liverpool
Snowbird, Utah
May 11–14, 2000
Millennium: Much Ado about Nothing?
<http://www.utah.edu/mec/rmmra.html>
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS
Deadline: May 15, 2000
New York City
December 2, 2000
This conference will explore the meaning and impact of public performance, ritual, and display from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. Possible sessions include: theatre, liturgy, religious and secular processions, entries, sermons, university disputations, public trials, executions, dance, music, and the oral presentation of literature.
Send abstracts of 300–350 words to:
Laurie Postlewate
Dept. of French
Barnard College
3009 Broadway
New York, NY 10027
lpostlew@barnard.edu
CALL FOR ARTICLES
Parergon: Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association for Medieval and Early Modern Studies welcomes articles of high quality. Articles may be on any aspect of medieval and early modern literature, history, and culture. Submissions should be sent to the editor:
Christopher Wortham
Department of English
University of Western Australia
Nedlands WA 6907
Australia
Maximum length: 8000 words.
Submissions should be accompanied by a 3.5" floppy disk for PC or Mac (MS Word 5.1 preferred). Offers to review books should be sent to the Book Review Editor, Andrew Lynch (enclose c.v.).
CALL FOR REVIEWS
Early Modern Literary Studies is pleased to announce that, in addition to its well-established book review section, it will be starting to carry reviews of theatre productions and, from time to time, of appropriate films.
If you would be interested in offering a review, please contact the Drama Review Editor, Chet Scoville, at scoville@chass.utoronto.ca.
Session sponsored by the Fédération Internationale de Sociétés et Instituts d’Études sur la Renaissance:
Religious Plays in the Renaissance
CALL FOR PAPERS
Deadline: April 15, 2000
Presentations dealing with any aspect of religious plays in the 15th and 16th century are welcomed. Please send a title, a 100-word abstract, and a one-page curriculum vitae to
Konrad Eisenbichler
Victoria College PR 317
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario M5S 1K7
Canada
Email: konrade@chass.utoronto.ca
Fax: (416) 585-4479
Session sponsored by the Society for Confraternity Studies
CALL FOR PAPERS
Deadline: April 24, 2000
The Society for Confraternity Studies will be sponsoring a session or sessions at the meeting of the Renaissance Society of America in Chicago, March 29–31, 2001. We are particularly interested in papers having to do with confraternities and education, though an “open topics” session is also a possibility.
If you are interested in proposing a paper for the session (or sessions), please contact Nicholas Terpstra (nicholas.terpstra@utoronto.ca) as soon as possible. Session proposals must be submitted to RSA by May 1, 2000, so paper proposals should be received by April 24, 2000.
CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS
The Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies (JEMCS) seeks article-length contributions for its inaugural issues. Scheduled to begin publication in 2001, JEMCS welcomes scholarly work on the period from the late fifteenth through the late nineteenth centuries, with a particular focus on cross-disciplinary studies of literature and the broader social formation. Feminist, queer/lesbian, postmodernist, postcolonial, and historicist methodologies are encouraged. The author's name should appear only on a detachable cover sheet and not within the body of the article. Manuscripts will not be returned unless accompanied by a self-addressed stamped envelope. Submissions should be prepared according to MLA style and mailed to the Editors, JEMCS, Department of English, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306.
CALL FOR PAPERS
The Puppetry Yearbook seeks submissions for future volumes. The Puppetry Yearbook is published annually by Mellen Press; each volume includes essays, puppet plays, and book reviews on all aspects of the history, literature, theory, and performance of puppetry. Submissions are sought for Volume V (an eclectic issue featuring essays on any aspect of puppetry) and Volume VI (devoted exclusively to Edward Gordon Craig and puppets). All submissions should be double-spaced with endnotes and a brief biography of the author. A hard copy and a computer copy (IBM or Mac WordPerfect preferred) should be sent to the editor. Submissions and questions should be addressed to
James Fisher, Editor
Puppetry Yearbook
Theater Department
Wabash College
Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA
Phone: (765) 361-6394
e-mail: fisherj@wabash.edu
Fax: (765) 361-6341
Europa Triumphans is a multi-disciplinary research project concerned with the study of festival entertainments in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe. These entertainments were presented to mark occcasions such as royal and ducal entries to capital cities, dynastic marriages, the birth and christening of heirs, religious feasts, and royal and ducal funerals. They were political occasions of some significance, as well as occasions for the display of artistic and performance skills in the visual arts, music, dance, writing and scenography.
The first publication of the project will be a two-volume, one-thousand-page collection of representative festival entertainments. Publication is expected in late 2001 or early 2002.
Members of the Europa Triumphans project, directed by Professor Ronnie Mulryne (University of Warwick) and Professor Helen Watanabe-O’Kelly (University of Oxford), are at present drawn from six continental European countries (Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden), from the UK, and from the United States. The project is managed by a steering group of UK-based scholars who meet four or five times per year to coordinate the publishing activities of the project, to plan its development, to seek financial support and to serve as a channel of communication with European and North American scholars.
To disseminate information about the project and to encourage participation from other scholars with similar interests, the steering group of Europa Triumphans is pleased to announce the launch of Renaissance Journal: The Journal of the Europa Triumphans Research Project, the first edition of which was published in January. For more information about the project and a complimentary copy of the first issue of the Journal, please contact:
Dr. Elizabeth Goldring
Centre for the Study of the Renaissance
University of Warwick
Coventry CV4 7AL
England
e-mail: elizabeth.goldring@warwick.ac.uk
Les Trois Amants de la Croix meet at the cross in what disguises?
Q: Who says: “I am dowty in dede, / I am worly in wede, / I am semly on stede, / No weleny to me wyl I kyppe”?
A: Dux Moraud.
“The text of the fragment Dux Moraud survives in Bodleian Library MS. Eng. Poet. f.2 (R), on the opposite side of an early fourteenth-century Assize Roll for Norfolk and Suffolk. The roll records cases heard by the eminent judge William de Ormesby (d. 1317), who lived in Caister, Norfolk. The handwriting of the play fragment dates from the second quarter of the fifteenth century at the latest.
“Dux Moraud is one of the strangest dramatic fragments to come down to us from the Middle Ages. Its lurid subject matter of incest, matricide and infanticide, guilt, self-recrimination and repentance seems almost Jacobean in sensibility, and nothing else like it is recorded in the drama of the era. All that survives of the play are the speeches of its principal character, Dux Moraud, though variations of its plot are echoed by poems in Latin and English. In the fragment, Dux Moraud bids farewell to his wife as she leaves on a journey; he makes amorous advances towards his daughter, who eventually murders her mother, bears a child to Dux Moraud and then murders it at his bidding. Reminded of his guilt and mortality by the sound of church bells, he finally turns away from his vicious life and repents. In this actor’s part the verse form varies considerably, no doubt because it sometimes depends upon lines spoken by other characters. The most common stanza pattern is the six-line aabccb, with most lines having three stresses. Much of the rest of the stanzas are arranged in thirteen-line forms, rhyming ababababcdddc.
“Dux Moraud was first edited by Wilhelm Heuser in ‘Dux Maraud, Einzelrolle aus einem verlorenen Drama des 14. Jahrhunderts,’ Anglia, XXX (1907), 180-208. Heuser also printed the poem that offers the closest version of the story dramatized by Dux Moraud. The standard scholarly edition, by Norman Davis, appears in the EETS Non-Cycle Plays and Fragments [Supplementary Text 1. London: Oxford University Press, 1970]; a facsimile of the manuscript, also edited by Davis, appears in Non-Cycle Plays and the Winchester Dialogues [Leeds Texts and Monographs, Medieval Drama Facsimiles V, gen. eds. A. C. Cawley and Stanley Ellis. Leeds: The University of Leeds School of English, 1979].”
—John C. Coldewey, ed. Early English Drama: An Anthology. New York: Garland, 1993, p. 17.
MRDS On the Web
<http://toisondor.byu.edu/mrds>
Dynamic Newsletter Archive
The archives currently include issues back to Spring 1995. More back issues will be added in the near future.
REED Theatre Resource Page
<http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~reed/stage.html>
"Dead" links have been removed or updated and new links added. Any suggestions for additions will be gratefully received!
Le Théâtre Médiéval (l’Université de Haute-Bretagne, Rennes)
<http://www.uhb.fr/alc/medieval>
This site includes the complete edition of a handful of French medieval plays. Back issues of Graham Runnalls’ Circulaire des mystérophiles are
also available here.
Le Jeu de Robin et Marion
<http://toisondor.byu.edu/dscriptorium/aix166/>
Text and 132 miniatures from the Aix-en-Provence manuscript.
Société Internationale pour l’étude du Théâtre Médiéval (SITM)
<http://www.sdu.dk/hum/sitm/>
Abstracts and selected papers from the last SITM conference are now available.
York Millennium Mystery Plays
<http://www.mysteryplays2000.org>
Information on the June 22–July 22 production of the York mystery plays in York Minster.
Research Opportunities in Renaissance Drama (RORD)
<http://www.ups.edu/faculty/greenfield/rord.html>
The main purpose of this site will be to provide photos of productions discussed in the journal and/or reviewed in the Census of Medieval Drama Productions. Currently the site offers Megan Lloyd’s photos of the 1998 production of the York Cycle at Toronto, which accompany her discussion of that production in the upcoming 2000 issue of the journal. Photos of several recent productions of Theatre Marot, the excellent troupe from Universiteit Groningen that performs early Dutch drama, also appear, as well as links to similar sites. Additional information, including the contents of upcoming issues, etc., will be posted soon.
Those involved in performing medieval drama are encouraged to send in photographs of their productions or links to their sites. Send these electronically to greenfield@ups.edu, or hard copy to
Peter Greenfield
Department of English
University of Puget Sound
Tacoma, WA 98416, USA
Do you have a site you’d like to see listed on the Digital Resources page? Send the URL to Jesse Hurlbut (jesse_hurlbut@byu.edu).
The Millennium production of the Lincoln Mystery Plays will take place in Lincoln Cathedral, July 18th–29th, 2000, at 7:30 p.m. each evening (excluding Sunday) and also at Southwell Minster, July 11th–15th, 2000, at 7:30 p.m.
The Lincoln Mystery Plays, drawn from the N-Town cycle, were revived in Lincoln in 1978 in a modernized English version by Keith Ramsay and have been performed at approximately 4-yearly intervals since then.
The plays will open in the Cloister, where the audience will have the benefit of tiered seating to guarantee excellent views of the action as it unfolds the story of humankind from Creation through to the trial of Jesus. The audience will then follow Christ, as he drags the cross to Calvary, into the Cathedral Nave to witness his crucifixion and resurrection and the awesome final play of Doomsday.
Tickets (£8, £6) are available, in person or by phone, from Lincoln Tourist Information Centres, Tel +44 (0)1522 529828/579056, or in person from the Lincoln Cathedral shop, or by mail from The Administrator, Lincoln Mystery Plays, 45 Cecil Street, Lincoln, LN1 3AT, England (please enclose sae). Further details are available from Helen Mason, Tel +44 (0)1522 510800 (day).
For the first time ever, the York Millennium Mystery Plays will take place in York Minster, from June 22nd to July 22nd, 2000. This promises to be a stunning and memorable production, directed by Gregory Doran, the Associate Director of the Royal Shakespeare Company. The plays will involve over 200 amateur and professional actors and musicians.
The plays will be vibrant and colorful and can be seen in the nave of York Minster, the largest gothic cathedral in northern Europe, on a purpose-designed stage, which will accommodate the vast epic sweep of the Mystery Cycle. There will also be a newly commissioned music score from York based composer Richard Shephard that will involve a 10-piece brass and percussion ensemble. Gregory Doran will be joined by a highly skilled production team, including Robert Jones (stage design) and John A. Leonard (Aura Sound Design), to stage a breathtaking Millennium event.
The production will last approximately three hours including an interval. This specially commissioned version of the plays will be presented at each performance.
See the website for more information: <http://www.mysteryplays2000.org>
Performances from the Early Comic Repertoire
Performances at IMC 2000
University of Leeds, England
Wednesday, July 12 at 8:30 p.m.
St. Chad’s Church, Otley Road
PROGRAM
Le Paté et la Tarte
L’Obstination des Femmes
La Confession Margot
Les Femmes qui font escurer leurs chaulderons
French Farce in Action stages comedies from the 15th and 16th centuries in the original French for universities, conferences and festivals both nationally and internationally. For information, please contact:
Professor Donald Perret
Department of Writing, Literature and Publishing
Emerson College
100 Beacon Street
Boston, MA 02116
dperret@emerson.edu
(617) 824-8286
Director’s Notes for Hrotsvit’s Fall and Conversion of Mary (or, Abraham)
Translated and directed by Laura Weber, Columbia University
On October 23, 1999, Columbia University’s Medieval Guild produced Hrotsvit’s Fall and Conversion of Mary after their annual conference. It was an outdoor performance on a brisk day, with five actors playing Mary/Hrotsvit, Abraham, Effrem, Effrem's friend, and a brothel-keeper (played by Bob Hanning). Costumes were designed by Margaret Pappano, whose vision emphasized color symbolism rather than elaborate realism, and included two simple bright green monks’ robes, Hrotsvit’s/ Mary’s semi-psychedelic green and pink floor-length dress, Mary’s red and black prostitute ware, and the full excesses of fantastical medieval garb for Effrem’s friend. Asifa Malik, a Columbia graduate medievalist, was stage manager for the production and enticed a full audience with her creative advertisements, which read “two monks, a pimp, and a penitent prostitute,” and “there's something else about Mary.” Three musicians enhanced the production with music of the cello, guitar, drums, and, much to everyone’s delight, the accordion.
I saw in Hrotsvit’s play, and hoped to emphasize in my translation and direction, the journey of a religious woman who learns to establish her place within a religious society largely defined and controlled by male religious figures. While several critics have focused on the importance of Hrotsvit’s female characters, there were still certain technical difficulties involved in asserting Mary’s importance on the stage: Mary has fewer lines and less stage time than Abraham, and in the problematic ending of the play Mary is not even present. Yet it was my belief that in this era when characters are no longer categorized by the traditional Aristotelian “norms,” the strength and prominence of Mary’s character could be effectively conveyed by a vibrant female actress under direction that continually focused the scene on her character (primarily in this case through blocking and gesture). Despite problems with getting actors to rehearsal, a low budget, and a shivering cellist, the play successfully brought Hrotsvit to the stage, where she belongs.
Columbia’s Medieval Guild will again be supporting a medieval performance this fall after their conference (October 14, 2000). I am still determining the play to be performed, though I have been considering an experimental and multi-media production.
—Laura Weber
Minutes from the Annual Business Meeting
Kalamazoo, MI
May 7, 1999
5:00 p.m.
Schneider 1135
John Coldewey, Presiding
The minutes from the last meeting were presented and approved as written.
New officers were announced and welcomed: Council Members: Shirley Carnahan and Garrett Epp.
Jesse Hurlbut read the Treasurer’s Report.
Topics for future sessions. It was voted to accept the following topics and organizers for sessions at future meetings:
Kalamazoo 2000
Days of Saints and Virgins: Theatrical and Performative Activities on Patronal Saints' Days (Chet Scoville)
Patronage in Acting Companies (Paul Whitfield White)
Exotic Influences in Early Drama (Max Harris)
MLA 2000
Corpus Christi Performances outside of England (Margaret Papano)
Theorizing Violence in Early Drama (Jody Enders)
[Since the business meeting, Margaret and Max traded sessions. The Corpus Christi session will take place at Kalamazoo 2000. In addition, because of the imbalance in the number of proposals received, there will be two sessions on Theorizing Violence at MLA 2000.]
Other topics remaining for future sessions:
Exotic or Non-European Influences on Drama (Max Harris)
Cornish Ordinalia (Gloria Betcher)
Teaching Early Drama
Easter Drama of Eastern Europe
Heretics and Histrionics
Drama as Pedagogy
The Function of Music in Early Drama
Elections. Nominations for officers were opened. The following names were presented:
For President:
Milla Riggio, John Coldewey
For Vice-President
John Coldewey, Max Harris
For Secretary/Treasurer
Jesse Hurlbut
For Councilmember
Alan Knight, Véronique Plesch
[Since the business meeting, John Coldewey withdrew from the Vice-Presidential race, Jesse Hurlbut was appointed to continue as Newsletter Editor (not an elected position), Gloria Betcher was nominated for the now open office of Secretary/Treasurer and Claire Sponsler was nominated as a third candidate for the Council.]
The floor was opened to discuss the improvement of the MRDS web page. Suggestions included listing the names and addresses of officers, making a copy of the MRDS Constitution available and adding more information on various programs and events.
REED Project. Barbara Palmer reported on a generous matching-funds award from the NEH and expressed the urgent need to raise the necessary matching funds.
Other Initiatives. John Coldewey introduced three initiatives for discussion:
The Awards program. John invited discussion regarding the newly-announced awards for the best book and essay of the year. The awards program will be under the direction of the Vice President. Three judges will evaluate submissions from each category. The judges will be selected by the Vice President and will include two Council Members and one member at large. The award for best article of the year will be named the Martin Stevens Award. The award for best book will be named the David Bevington Award. The actual value of the award remains to be determined.
John proposed that the function of MRDS Newsletter Editor be separated from the office of the Secretary/Treasurer. According to the MRDS Constitution, the Newsletter Editor may be appointed by the Executive Board; the Secretary/Treasurer remains an elected position.
John proposed that a committee of three members of the Council be appointed to review the Constitution and make recommendations for updating it.
The general membership echoed the full support of the executive board for all of these initiatives.
Other Business. Gordon Kipling solicited subscriptions to Medieval English Theatre ($20 per year). Max Harris invited members to join the Société Internationale pour l’Étude du Théâtre Médiéval (SITM) ($15 per year).
The meeting concluded with a wine and cheese celebration of Rick Emmerson's appointment as Executive Director of the Medieval Academy of America, Milla Riggio's publication of Wisdom: Its Texts and Contexts, and Jody Enders’ Guggenheim award. The celebration was led by a toast by David Bevington.
Respectfully submitted,
Jesse D. Hurlbut,
Secretary/Treasurer
May 16, 1999
Here are the official results of our recent election:
President: Milla Riggio
Vice-President: Max Harris
Secretary/Treasurer: Gloria Betcher
Council Members: Alan Knight and Claire Sponsler
Congratulations to all the winners!
SITM Conference
Groningen, The Netherlands
2–7 July 2001
The 8th Triennial Colloquium of the Société Internationale pour l’Étude du Théâtre Médiévale (SITM), to be held in Groningen (Netherlands), 2–7 July 2001, has now issued a formal call for papers.
Those wishing to present a paper at the conference are requested to submit a proposal of some 20-odd lines to the organizing committee, in which they clearly define their subject and approach, and explain the interest for other scholars. The deadline for sending proposals (in English or in French, preferably by e-mail) is June 1st, 2000. A provisional program will be issued in September 2000.
The deadline for the complete version of the papers will be February 1st, 2001. All papers will be published on the web by April 2001; at the conference, speakers should limit themselves to a 10-minute presentation of the main discussion points contained in their paper.
TOPICS
THEATRE FESTIVAL
Artists and companies wishing to bring a production to the Theatre Festival are kindly invited to contact the Organizing Committee at their earliest convenience.
SITM 2001
Faculteit der Letteren, RuG
Postbus 716a
NL-9700 AS Groningen
Netherlands
FAX:++31.50.363.72.63
e-mail: SITM@let.rug.nl
Membership dues are payable to the SITM National Representatives (listed on website). Dues are US$15 p.a. ($7.50 for students).
For more information, see the SITM web page at <http://www.sdu.dk/hum/sitm>.
After missing a year in Kalamazoo because I was with students studying in the Trinity College global learning site in Trinidad and Tobago last spring, I look forward to this year’s business meeting in K’zoo. I urge all to attend. We will be giving out the prizes initiated by our current Vice President John Coldewey, and thanking John for his tireless effort in getting this prize started. We will also have a report on our translation series.
We want once more to congratulate Rick Emmerson for his position at the Medieval Academy. We look forward to closer interaction with the Academy. Rick’s appointment bodes well for the directions of the Academy itself and testifies to Rick’s own breadth and depth of interests.
But, most of all, in what amounts to my last couple of years in MRDS harness, I want to discuss with our present members the directions we want MRDS to go in the future. You will welcome Max Harris, Executive Director of the Wisconsin Humanities Council, as the new Vice President of MRDS. Gloria Betcher will take over the secretarial duties, leaving Jesse Hurlbut free to develop our newsletter in some exciting new directions and to expand and develop PERFORM.
There are things to discuss, people to see, plans to make. And we will spring for the wine!
Please plan to attend at 5:00 on Friday. And do attend our sessions as well as the related sessions we’ve highlighted in this newsletter.
Looking forward to seeing you all in Kalamazoo.
Best wishes,
Milla Cozart Riggio
President, MRDS
Schneider Room 1135
Friday, May 5, 2000
1. Approval of Minutes from last business meeting
2. Welcome New Officers:
Vice President: Max Harris
Secretary/Treasurer: Gloria Betcher
Council Members: Alan Knight and Claire Sponsler
3. Treasurer’s report
4. Topics for 2001 Kalamazoo (3 sessions) and MLA 2001 (2 sessions)
Exotic or Non-European Influences on Drama (Max Harris)
Cornish Ordinalia (Gloria Betcher)
Teaching Early Drama
Easter Drama of Eastern Europe
Heretics and Histrionics
Drama as Pedagogy
The Function of Music in Early Drama
5. Nominations of MRDS Officers:
Council Members (2 openings)
6. MRDS Web site
7. Report on Translation Series
8. MRDS Awards: Presentation by Paul Whitfield White
9. Other Business
President: Milla Riggio, Trinity College (Hartford, CT):
milla.riggio@mail.trincoll.edu
Vice President: Max Harris, Wisconsin Humanities Council:
mrharri1@facstaff.wisc.edu
Secretary/Treasurer: Gloria Betcher, Iowa State Univ.:
gbetcher@iastate.edu
Alan Knight (2003), Penn State Univ.:
aek@psu.edu
Claire Sponsler (2003), Univ. of Iowa:
Claire-Sponsler@uiowa.edu
Shirley E. Carnahan (2002), Univ. of Colorado, Boulder:
carnahan@spot.colorado.edu
Garrett PJ Epp (2002), Univ. of Alberta:
Garrett.Epp@ualberta.ca
James Stokes (2001), Univ. of Wisconsin–Stevens Point:
jstokes@uwsp.edu
Paul Whitfield White (2001), Purdue Univ.:
paul@purdue.edu
© 2000 Medieval and Renaissance Drama Society
Editor: Jesse D. Hurlbut
Assistant Editor: Katherine Hanson
Department of French and Italian
4002 JKHB
Brigham Young University
Provo, UT 84602
jesse_hurlbut@byu.edu